Hydrogeomorphology
Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Davoud Mokhtari; meysam skandarialni
Abstract
Hydrological models are an effective tool for managing water resources as well as water balance components among research works. Today, basin hydrological models have been developed, but choosing the right model to simulate a specific basin has always been a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to choose ...
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Hydrological models are an effective tool for managing water resources as well as water balance components among research works. Today, basin hydrological models have been developed, but choosing the right model to simulate a specific basin has always been a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a model that can simulate the hydrological processes with the simplicity of the structure and using minimal factors. Northwest Iran was simulated by AWBM and SWAT models. The AWBM model is an integrated model that simulates the runoff in catchment areas using two variables, rainfall and evaporation, and on the other hand, the SWAT model is a continuous and semi-distributed model that simulates hydrological processes using the physical characteristics of the basin (soil, land use, slope) as well as several water and meteorological information such as rainfall, temperature. The results of runoff simulation in the calibration and validation periods were evaluated using two Nash Sutcliffe statistical indices (NSE) and R2 coefficient of determination. By comparing the results of the statistical indicators used in the study, it was found that the SWAT model has better results in the simulation of monthly runoff in the validation and validation periods.
Geomorphology
Davoud Mokhtari; Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; diana dortaj
Abstract
Tectono-karst processes play an important role in the formation and change of landforms. Some areas, such as Zagros in Fars province, are affected by tectono-karst activities due to being in a tectonically active area and also having karstic formations. Due to the importance of studying landform changes ...
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Tectono-karst processes play an important role in the formation and change of landforms. Some areas, such as Zagros in Fars province, are affected by tectono-karst activities due to being in a tectonically active area and also having karstic formations. Due to the importance of studying landform changes in different planning, in this research, the analysis of tectono-karst processes in the formation and expansion of the transverse valleys of Zagros, Fars, from the range of Avaz to Karmostaj has been done. In this research, Sentinel 1 radar images, SRTM 12.5m high digital model, 1:100000 geological map of the region and hydroclimatic information of the region are used as the most important research data. The most important tools used in the research were ArcGIS and GMT. This research has been carried out in two stages according to the desired goals, in the first stage, the tectonic status of the region has been evaluated using the SBAS time series method, and in the second stage, using the Fuzzy Logic-AHP integrated model, to the potential The measurement of areas prone to the development of karstic processes has been discussed. The results obtained from the SBAS time series method have shown that some of the transverse valleys of the region are subsiding in comparison to their downstream regions, and this problem has caused a decrease in the height difference, a decrease in the speed of runoff, creating the necessary opportunity for erosion and dissolution, and in The result is the transverse development of these valleys. Also, based on the results, all the transverse valleys are located in the category with high or very high potential for the development of karstic processes, which indicates the role of karstic processes in the formation of transverse valleys in the region. The total results of this research have shown that the formation and development of transverse valleys in the studied area were affected by tectokarst factors.
Hydrogeomorphology
Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Fariba Karami; Kolson Abazari
Abstract
Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that cause huge and frequent human losses ,financial and resource losses all over the world(Mishra & Sinha, 2020,1). Flash floods are caused by heavy rains and due to the sudden accumulation and release of runoff from upstream to downstream. ...
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Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters that cause huge and frequent human losses ,financial and resource losses all over the world(Mishra & Sinha, 2020,1). Flash floods are caused by heavy rains and due to the sudden accumulation and release of runoff from upstream to downstream. This natural phenomenon is the result of the activity of two groups of different parameters. The first group is the meteorological features that change according to space and time. The second group of fixed parameters includes geomorphological and geological characteristics(Youssef et al, 2011,755).Therefore, identification and zoning of areas prone to flood risk is necessary for sustainable development planning and protection of human societies(Farhan & Ayed, 2017, 719). The Ojan Chai basin, which has been flooded in recent years, especially due to human intervention in basin system. One of the most unprecedented floods occurred in this basin in 2016. Therefore, according to the history of flooding in this basin, it is necessary to assess and zoning the risk of sudden flood. The aim of the current research is to evaluate and zoning flash flood-prone areas in the basin based on physiographic characteristics, which is the basis of the modified flash flood potential index (MFFPI).
Geomorphology
Ali Bigham; S.Asedolah Hejazi; Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Jamshid Yarahmadi; Fariba Karami
Abstract
Changes in erosion and sedimentation of the basin are one of the most important factors that affect different parts of human life and natural life. it is very necessary to receive these changes quantitatively, which mainly take place under temperature fluctuations and climate changes in different regions, ...
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Changes in erosion and sedimentation of the basin are one of the most important factors that affect different parts of human life and natural life. it is very necessary to receive these changes quantitatively, which mainly take place under temperature fluctuations and climate changes in different regions, in order to be more prepared to deal with its negative consequences. In this research, erosion and sedimentation changes in Hajiler watershed were investigated and predicted using GeoWEPP and SWAT models. Based on this, first, by using the data of the current situation of the Ahar synoptic station and using the SDSM model, the changes of the statistical period2020-2040 in three scenarios RCP2.6-RCP4.5-RCP8.5 were investigated, then simulation and prediction of erosion changes was carried out. and sedimentation was done under the influence of climate change by using popular models. The output of the SDSM model indicates an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall for the basin until 2040.And the analysis of the simulation results of the sedimentation rate of the models showed that in the studied basin, the GeoWEPP with the selection of the domain method has a suitable level in estimating the sedimentation rate compared to observational statistics. The final model was chosen to predict the amount of sediment in the mentioned period of the basin. Using the downscaled results of the atmospheric general circulation model, the sediment changes in the statistical period of 2020-2040 under the above mentioned three scenarios were estimated as -1.97, 4.45, and 2.98, respectively.
Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; asadollah hejazi; Mehdi Mezbani
Abstract
In this study, in order to identify the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment production in Sarab Sikan basin, the RUSLE model, GIS and remote sensing technology are used. First, using meteorological data, soil and digital elevation model with a size of 10 meters, each of the factors of erosion ...
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In this study, in order to identify the spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment production in Sarab Sikan basin, the RUSLE model, GIS and remote sensing technology are used. First, using meteorological data, soil and digital elevation model with a size of 10 meters, each of the factors of erosion erosivity (R), erodibility (K), slope and slope length (LS) and soil protection (P) in the Arc GIS was calculated in Arc GIS. Sentine2 satellite sensor was also used to extract and prepare the vegetation factor of the basin (C) in ENVI 5.3 software environment. Finally, by combining these factors, the amount of basin erosion was calculated and the amount of sediment produced in the basin was obtained by different methods of sediment delivery ratio (SDR). The results showed that the amount of erosion in the basin is varies from 0.003 to 248.4 t ha-1y-1 and the average erosion in the basin is 22.3 t ha-1y-1. Among the model factors, LS factor with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.92 showed the highest share in soil erosion. Also, the SDR ratio was calculated by different methods between 0.12 and 0.36, which after combining with the erosion map, the sediment yield of the basin was estimated. The average sediment yield by Boise method is 2.8 t ha-1y-1, which is closer to the amount of station sediment with an average of 1.65 t ha-1y-1 compared to other methods.
Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Davoud Mokhtari; Nasrin Samandar
Abstract
Land use change is one of the important factors in changing the hydrological flow, basin erosion and biodiversity destruction. Therefore, knowing the effect of land use change on discharge and suspended load is an inevitable necessity. The main purpose of this study is the efficiency test of the model ...
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Land use change is one of the important factors in changing the hydrological flow, basin erosion and biodiversity destruction. Therefore, knowing the effect of land use change on discharge and suspended load is an inevitable necessity. The main purpose of this study is the efficiency test of the model and its usability as a simulation of the process of land use change on discharge and sediment is from the soil and water assessment model (SWAT) and SUFI2 program. Model simulation was performed for 29 years from 1987 to 2015, the first 5 years of which were selected for model calibration and the last 5 years for model results validation. Four statistical indices, r_factor, P_factor Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) and coefficient of determination (R2), the ratio of squared root-to-standard deviation (RSR) and the percentage of skewness (PBIAS) were selected monthly to evaluate the model. The accuracy of monthly simulation using NS evaluation index in the calibration and validation stage for flow and suspended load is equal to 0.65 and 0.49, respectively. The results of the study were considered acceptable according to the interpretive domains used in previous studies and indicate the satisfactory efficiency of the SWAT model in simulating the components of the impact of land use change on sediment and discharge in the Ojan Chay Bostanabad watershed. The results showed that the height of surface runoff increased by 1.15 mm and the sediment concentration increased by 1.5 tons per hectare per year.
sayedeh masumeh mousavi; Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Masumeh rajabi
Abstract
Landslides claim the lives of thousands of people around the world each year, causing enormous damage to people and governments. Landslide risk zoning divides landslides into specific and distinct areas of potential and actual degrees in terms of risk, this process is based on recognizing the qualitative ...
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Landslides claim the lives of thousands of people around the world each year, causing enormous damage to people and governments. Landslide risk zoning divides landslides into specific and distinct areas of potential and actual degrees in terms of risk, this process is based on recognizing the qualitative characteristics of the area and quantitative modeling based on the data of the study area. This can be the basis for long-term planning at the regional and local levels.The purpose of this study is to investigate and zoning landslide risk in the Yellow River Basin located in the east of Khuzestan province using fuzzy logic method; For this purpose, first through field visits, geological maps and topography and by reviewing previous sources and reviewing the conditions of the region; Nine factors: elevation, slope, direction of slope, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from road, precipitation, lithology and land use were considered and selected as effective factors on landslide occurrence. Landslide hazard zoning maps were prepared using fuzzy gamma operator with values of 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. Then, the obtained maps were classified into 5 classes: very high, high, medium, low and very low.The results of the qualitative sum showed that the 0.9 fuzzy gamma operator is more suitable than other fuzzy operators. The results of the classified maps showed that 21.56% of the area in the high-risk zone and 43.24% of the area The area is located in a low risk zone.
asadollah hejazi; mohammadhossein rezaeimoghaddam; adnan naseri
Abstract
1-IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to select the best model and identify landslide risk areas in the downstream basins of Sanandaj Dam. Every year, mass movements in the region cause damage to roads, natural resources, farms and residential areas, and increase soil erosion. Kurdistan province, ...
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1-IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to select the best model and identify landslide risk areas in the downstream basins of Sanandaj Dam. Every year, mass movements in the region cause damage to roads, natural resources, farms and residential areas, and increase soil erosion. Kurdistan province, with its mostly mountainous topography, high tectonic activity, diverse geological and climatic conditions, has the most natural conditions for mass movements. According to the available statistics, this province is the third province in terms of landslides after Mazandaran and Golestan. (Naeri & Karami, 2018). The Gheshlagh River Basin is a mountainous region with a north-south trend. In terms of construction land, it is located on the structural zone of Sanandaj-Sirjan. The study area with an area of 970.7 square kilometers is located downstream of Sanandaj Dam. The city of Sanandaj is located within the basin. Effective parameters for landslides according to the type of climate and morphological processes are provide in the geography of the region.2-MethodologyThe present study includes five stages of research background and data collection, preparation of information layers, implementation of artificial neural network and TOPSIS models, preparation of landslide Hazard zoning map in gheshlagh basin with the mentioned models and validation test of the models. In this study, nine effective factors for landslides, including slope, slope direction, fault distance, road distance, waterway distance, lithology, land use and precipitation were used .Using Google Landsat 8 ETM satellite imagery, Google Earth software identified 237 slip points. Then, the coordinates of the slip points transferred to the Arc GIS software and a map of the landslide distribution area in this environment was prepared. In addition, in this study, 89 non-slip points were prepared for use in the training and testing stages of Persephone neural network inside slopes less than 5 degrees. Artificial neural networks are made of a large number of interconnected processing elements called neurons that act to solve a coordinated problem and transmit information through synapses. Neural networks begin to learn using the pattern of data entered into them. Learning models, which is actually determining their internal parameters, based on the law of error correction. In this method, by correcting the error regularly, the best weights that create the most correct output for the network identified. The neurons are in the form of an input layer, an output layer, and an intermediate layer. TOPSIS is a very technical and powerful decision-making model for prioritizing options by simulating the ideal answer. In this method, the selected option should be the shortest distance from the ideal answer and the farthest distance from the most inefficient answer,) Dong, 2016). In the artificial neural network model, the middle layer selected by default. Percentage70 of the landslides occurred for neural network training and the remaining 30% as reference data used to test and calibrate the model. Data trained using a multilayer perceptron network with Adam learning algorithm. The final structure of the network has nine neurons in the input layer, 30 neurons in the middle layer and 1 neuron in the output layer. In the TOPSIS model, after scaling the decision matrix, Shannon entropy method used to weight the criteria and to determine the relative distance between the positive and negative ideals of the Euclidean distance.3-Results and DiscussionThe final structure of the network has nine neurons in the input layer, 30 neurons in the middle layer and 1 neuron in the output layer. In the TOPSIS model, after scaling the decision matrix, Shannon entropy method used to weight the criteria and to determine the relative distance between the positive and negative ideals of the Euclidean distance. After creating the raster layers of each index in the TOPSIS model, a vector-point layer created that has one row per pixel and one column per index, thus creating a matrix with dimensions of 9 by 1078555. The operation of Salavatabad fault in the east of the basin has caused Horst and Graben in the region. The significant difference between the height of the mountain unit and the riverbed has caused hazards and the transformation of landforms in the region. In both models, the western part of the basin is in a very high-risk zone, and housing and mass movements threaten agricultural land in these areas. The western outskirts of Sanandaj, which is located in the center of the basin, also affected by numerous landslides and classified in the high and very high danger zone.4- ConclusionThe downstream area of Sanandaj Dam is one of the most active areas of Kurdistan province and the west of the country in terms of human activities. Out of a total of 970 square kilometers, the area under study, according to the neural network model, is about 31 percent and the TOPSIS model is 30 percent of the area within the optimal areas for human activities. In addition, according to the neural network model, about 39% and the TOPSIS model 42% of the region are in the range of undesirable and very undesirable areas. The results show that the study area in general has a high potential for landslides. Dangerous areas are located mainly in the west and southwest of the constituency. These areas correspond to the mountain unit, rainfall of more than 385 mm and high slope. Rainfed agriculture and rangeland with medium-sized canopy are widespread in this area. These areas are also located on the k8, kp1 and PE geological units. Comparison of the results of risk zoning validation in the model shows that in this area, the perceptron neural network model has a better accuracy than the TOPSIS model.Keywords: Hazard zoning, Landslide, Neural network, TOPSIS, Sanandaj Gheshlagh Watershed5-References Dong, S. (2016). Comparisons between Different Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis techniques for Disease Susceptibility Mapping. Student Thesis Series INES. Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Sölvegatan. Sweden 12 S-223 62.Geological Map Description Sanandaj 1: 1000000. (1990). Geological Survey if Iran. Tehran. IranNaeri, R. Karami, M. (2018). Integration of Analytical Zoning Risk of Bijar Lanslade Occurrence, Journal of Engineering Geology, 12(1), 153-182.
Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam; Mir Asadolah Hejazi; Abdollah Behbuodi
Volume 6, Issue 20 , December 2019, , Pages 187-204
Abstract
1- IntrodutionWatersheds are open systems which, due to its complexity and in order to achieve the desired goals, are modeled. Through modeling, the cost of study for complex systems is reduced because large-scale field trials are very costly or impossible. Also, by analyzing the results of the model, ...
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1- IntrodutionWatersheds are open systems which, due to its complexity and in order to achieve the desired goals, are modeled. Through modeling, the cost of study for complex systems is reduced because large-scale field trials are very costly or impossible. Also, by analyzing the results of the model, we can manage the watersheds well. In this research, the performance of the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model was evaluated in the simulation of runoff in the Lanbarn basin. The monthly data on rainfall and temperature of Varzaghan station as input variables for flow simulation and observation data of runoff at Cassin hydrometric station were used to measure the accuracy of the IHACRES model. Based on available years, data from 2002-2000 were used for warming up the model and data from 2012- 2012 were used for calibration and data from 2016-2013 were used for validation purposes. To evaluate the ability of the IHACRES model in runoff simulation, the Nash-Sutcliff coefficient was used. The results showed that the coefficient was 0.71 and 0.74 for calibration and verification, respectively. Therefore, according to the results of the evaluation of the IHACRES model using different performance criteria and because of easy access, less inputs and a reduction in the time spent, it can be advised to use the model to simulate and predict runoff in a monthly scale in the Lanbarn watershed and to use it in order to study surface runoff and river flow in future periods.1- IntroductionIn order to manage watersheds and prevent inconsistencies in measures taken at the catchment area, a model is needed which, according to the existing information and conditions, has the efficiency of simulating the outflow of the region (Yong et al., 2014:47). Integrated models require less information than distributed and semi-distributed models, and, on the other hand, they run faster than other models (Golshan et al., 2017:966). The IHACRES model is an integrated concept model that includes a nonlinear reduction model and a linear lattice model. Despite the relatively recent development of IHACRES, this model has been widely accepted among hydrological models (Sriwongsitanon & Taesombat, 2011). The number of parameters in this model is low, while simultaneously compared with distributed models, we have tried to provide more details of the internal processes (Croke & Jakeman, 2008, Golshan, et al., 2017:966).2- MethodologyTo do this research, the monthly data on rainfall and temperature of Varzaghan station as input variables for flow simulation and observation data of runoff at Cassin hydrometric station were used to measure the accuracy of the IHACRES model. Based on available years, data from 2002-2000 were used for warming up the model and data from 2012- 2012 were used for calibration and data from 2016-2013 were used for validation purposes. The IHACRES model is an integrated metric conceptual model for rainfall-run simulation. This model was developed by Jackman in 1990. The model needs 5 to 7 variables for calibration and is suitable for implementation in large scale basins. In this study, version 2 of this software has been used, which is applicable for basins with continuous data of rainfall, temperature and runoff. This model consists of two nonlinear and linear interconnected segments that are respectively defined for calculation of losses and effective rainfall conversion to runoff.3- Results Based on the results, Nash-Sutcliff coefficient was 0.71 and 0.74 for calibration and verification, respectively. Therefore, it can be stated that the model of low discharge simulates well, but in simulating the maximum discharge, it has little ability and simulates lesser amounts of observational flow. In general, due to low model deviations and good simulation of minimum discharge values, it can be argued that the performance of the IHACRES model in the Lanbaran catchment area is satisfactory.4- Discussion and ConclusionGiven the diversity of rainfall-runoff models, selecting an appropriate model for watersheds is important for increasing the efficiency of planning and managing water resources. Hence, in this study, IHACRES model performance was evaluated in runoff simulation in the Lanbaran watershed. According to the results of the calibration and verification of the model in runoff simulation based on different performance criteria, the model was found to have a high accuracy in simulating runoff at the station under study. It also simulates the amount of monthly flow, which is consistent with the results of studies of Zarei et al. in the basin of Kasaliyan, Lotfirad et al. in the Nawarud basin and the studies of Croke and Jakkman. Therefore, according to the results of the evaluation of the IHACRES model using different performance criteria and because of easy access, less inputs and a reduction in the time spent, it can be advised to use the model to simulate and predict runoff in a monthly scale in the Lanbarn watershed and to use it in order to study surface runoff and river flow in future periods.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 41-57
Abstract
Landuse and land cover changes have direct effect on hydrological regime of basin.Iincreasing bare lands and similar landuses make flooding and increasing of orghard landuse area has effective role on reduce of runoff discharge. In this study using of soil hydrolic group map that indicat sensitive lands, ...
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Landuse and land cover changes have direct effect on hydrological regime of basin.Iincreasing bare lands and similar landuses make flooding and increasing of orghard landuse area has effective role on reduce of runoff discharge. In this study using of soil hydrolic group map that indicat sensitive lands, and landuse map of 1987, 2000, and 2013 periodes curve number (CN) map of study area was extracted and then using of this map amunt of soil water retention was calculated and finally the rate of runoff from simulated 100 mm rainfall was estimated bye SCS model. The results indicate an increase in runoff or in other words, inceasing flooding rate of basin because of landuse and land cover changes. According to existence of the relationship between rainfall and runoff discharge at specified intervals, landuse change to orchard development as one of the effective factors on decrease of runoff rate was studied,then after of separation of base flow and flow from snowmelt of the entire flow using MODIS satellite images processing, the residual flow was considered as the discharge of rainfall. the result of analysis of covariance indicated that increasing of orchard area reduce the relationship between rainfall and discharge from it.
